Plaque Hafnium

Hafnium Uses and Applications
1. Electronic materials
Since hafnium easily emits electrons, it can be used as the cathode of X-ray tubes. It is expected to be used to manufacture the next generation of smaller electronic devices, photovoltaic manufacturing equipment and more efficient photovoltaic cells.
2. Atomic energy industry
Hafnium metal has excellent welding performance, processing performance, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, so it has become an important material in the atomic energy industry. Hafnium has a large thermal neutron capture cross section and is an ideal neutron absorber, which can be used as a control rod and protective device for atomic reactors.

3. The field of chemistry
Hafnium can be used as a getter in many gas-filled systems. Hafnium getters remove unwanted gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, etc. present in the system. In addition, hafnium has strong anti-volatility and is often used as an additive for hydraulic oil to prevent the volatilization of hydraulic oil during high-risk operations.
4. Alloy material

Hafnium has the properties of ductility, oxidation resistance and high temperature resistance. It is also a good alloy material and is used in many alloys. For example, a hafnium-niobium alloy containing 10% hafnium can be used as a lunar rocket nozzle, and a tantalum-tungsten alloy containing 2% hafnium can be used as a protective layer material for spacecraft due to its high creep strength.

Chemical composition
Zr	Fe	Mo	Cr	Al	Ti	Mn
0.82	0.004	<0.001	<0.001	<0.0005	<0.0006	<0.0005
Ni	Cu	Sn	Sb	W	Pb	Bi
<0.0035	<0.0005	<0.0005	<0.0005	<0.0005	<0.0005	<0.0005
Mg	P	Si	N	C	H	O
<0.0005	<0.001	<0.002	0.002	0.003	0.0004	0.0069
S	Nb
0.002	<0.0005

Tolerance of thickness,width and length
Thickness	Thickness tolerance	Width	Width tolerance	Length	Length tolerance
>0.05~0.07	±0.007	50~150	±2.0	100~1200	±5.0
>0.07~0.1	±0.010	50~200	±2.0	100~1200	±5.0
>0.1~0.13	±0.025	50~200	±2.0	100~1200	±5.0
>0.13~0.2	±0.04	50~200	±2.0	100~1200	±5.0
>0.2~0.4	±0.05	50~200	±2.0	100~1200	±5.0
>0.4~0.65	±0.08	50~200	±2.0	100~1200	±5.0
>0.65~1.0	±0.10	50~200	±2.0	100~1200	±5.0